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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
Older men is also associated with an increased risk of diabetes and fragility fracture . For this reason, new agents and therapeutic modalities are needed, including non-hormonal systemic chemotherapy, which can provide another option for patients with non-localized HRPC or CRPC. Chemotherapy is often used as a main regimen in the overall treatment of most cancers. In the past, clinical trial design has focused on sequential development of chemotherapeutic drugs based on symptoms and number of prior therapies. There are four chemotherapeutic agents that the US Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved for CRPC: estramustine, mitoxantrone, docetaxel and cabaxitaxel. Chemotherapy, using Taxotere (docetaxel), a member of taxane family, remains the standard option for patients at the advanced stages, in particular, HRPC . As of April 2010, only one approved chemotherapeutic agent, docetaxel, showed promising results in improving survival in patients with metastatic CRPC . This drug is a microtubule-polymerizing agent with a well-established antimitotic chemotherapy action. It causes downregulation of anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2The role of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in prostatic inflammation: a reviewJournal of Inflammation, 2015Clinical and basic experimental evidence indicates that chronic inflammation is the greatest factor in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) progression, which is the most common cause of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS). The use of anti-inflammatory agents such as steroids, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and phytotherapics have been investigated as forms of treatment for various prostate diseases. Recent evidence has demonstrated that PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) improve symptoms of BPH/LUTS, possibly as a result of the relaxing of the smooth muscle fibers of the bladder and prostate by NO/cGMPc signaling, or by improving RhoA/Rho-kinase (ROCK), and reduction of the hyperactivity of the autonomic nervous system. However, some results have suggested that besides vasodilatation and their anti-proliferative effect, PDE5Is exert a direct anti-inflammatory effect, by raising cGMP. Given that inflammation is major factor in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) progression, PDE5Is could act also restore prostatic function as they act as potent anti-inflammatory drugs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors to treat prostatic inflammation.PDE5 Inhibitor Treatment Options for Urologic and Non-Urologic Indications: 2012 UpdateCurrent Pharmaceutical
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