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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
Tumors), morphine sulfate may reduce respiratory drive, and the resultant CO2 retention can further increase intracranial pressure. Monitor such patients for signs of sedation and respiratory depression, particularly when initiating therapy with morphine sulfate. Opioids may also obscure the clinical course in a patient with a head injury. Avoid the use of morphine sulfate in patients with impaired consciousness or coma.5.11 Risks of Use in Patients with Gastrointestinal Conditions Morphine sulfate is contraindicated in patients with known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction, including paralytic ileus. The morphine in morphine sulfate may cause spasm of the sphincter of Oddi. Opioids may cause increases in serum amylase. Monitor patients with biliary tract disease, including acute pancreatitis, for worsening symptoms.5.12 Increased Risk of Seizures in Patients with Seizure Disorders The morphine in morphine sulfate may increase the frequency of seizures in patients with seizure disorders, and may increase the risk of seizures occurring in other clinical settings associated with seizures. Monitor patients with a history of seizure disorders for worsened seizure control during morphine sulfate therapy. 5.13 Withdrawal Do not abruptly discontinue morphine sulfate in a patient physically dependent on opioids. When discontinuing morphine sulfate in a physically dependent patient, gradually taper the dosage. Rapid tapering of morphine in a patient physically dependent on opioids may lead to a withdrawal syndrome and return of pain [see Dosage and Administration (2.5), Drug Abuse and Dependence (9.3)].Additionally, avoid the use of mixed agonist/antagonist (e.g., pentazocine, nalbuphine, and butorphanol) or partial agonist (e.g., buprenorphine) analgesics in patients who have received or are receiving a course of therapy with a full opioid agonist analgesic, including morphine sulfate. In these patients, mixed agonists/antagonist and partial agonist analgesics may reduce the analgesic effect and/or may precipitate withdrawal symptoms [see Drug Interactions (7)] . 5.14 Risks of Driving and Operating Machinery
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