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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
Problems the participants reported include persistent cough, skin rashes, hives, and substance-induced aggression/violence, sleeping disorders, hallucinations, and aging skin. These findings reveal the need to develop tailored interventions and policies that support harm reduction in Nigeria.... Drugs interfere with fertility by stimulating the body to impact changes on hormonal balance thereby affecting luteinizing hormone (LH) which secretion causes release of ovaries and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) by the pituitary gland [5]. Effect on male sex organs involve inhibition in testosterone which is the main hormone that signal testicle in production thus leading to decrease in sperm production [6]. Alcohol consumption and drugs causes infertility, such as steroids, opiates and marijuana affects testosterone and interferes in disruption of ovulation and endometrial reception of sperm cells [7]. ...... Tramadol is one of the most popular misused opiates used in the treatment of sexual premature ejaculation that can disrupt testosterone production [6,11]. Abuse of tramadol may accumulate into toxic metabolites that increase pharmacokinetic interaction, decrease elimination and induce oxidative stress by decreasing the antioxidant levels in the body thus resulting in toxicity that may accompany infertility [12]. ...Infertility is a serious issue disturbing reproductive ages in all society now and calling for solution for continuity. Infertility were induced on groups of animals with separate sexes; M, M 1, M 2 and M 3 ; F, F 1, F 2 andF 3 with daily subcutaneous administration of 20 mg/kg body weight tramadol HCl for 42 days before respective ethanol root extract administrations of (500, 1000, 1500) mg/ kg body weight for 10 days. The animals were anaesthetized and sacrificed; uterus, ovaries, testes, epididymis were dissected out for histomorphological studies. There is evidence of dose treatment of infertility among treated groups. From the organ weight study, both the male and the female organ weight in the groups remained significantly unchanged. There are dose dependent treatments with the male and female tramadol treatment. The result is more pronounced in the increased dose of ethanol root extract (1000 mg/kg and 1500 mg/ kg) body weight treated testicular cells. This study indicated that Morinda lucida has a prophylactic effect against tramadol-induced testicular damage.... Out of curiosity, recreational use, and pleasure seeking, some with the aim of drug addiction, youths mostly without ED and ejaculatory problems combine sildenafil citrate and tramadol because sildenafil prolongs erection and tramadol delays ejaculation. This is done without thought to the possible side effects and pharmacokinetic interactions [18,19,20]. Sildenafil citrate and tramadol are metabolized in the liver through the cytochrome p450 enzyme system. ...Erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation and pleasure seeking have increased the use of sildenafil citrate, tramadol and their combination by youths who believe these drugs could positively impact their sexual life. Sildenafil
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